The southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans), also known as the common flying squirrel or eastern flying squirrel, is a species of squirrel belonging to the family Sciuridae. Here is detailed information about this species:

History and Distribution: The southern flying squirrel is native to North America and is commonly found in forests in the eastern region of the United States and parts of Canada. Its distribution ranges from southern Canada to Florida and from eastern Texas to the Atlantic coast.

Physical Description: This squirrel is known for its ability to glide through the air thanks to a membrane that joins its front and lower limbs, called patagio. They have a soft, dense coat, and their coloration ranges from a grayish brown to a more reddish hue. Flying squirrels are moderate in size, with bodies measuring around 20 to 27 centimeters and tails about 21 to 30 centimeters.

Behavior and Habits: Unlike ground squirrels, flying squirrels are arboreal and spend most of their lives in trees. They are nocturnal creatures and become especially active at dusk. They have strong legs and sharp claws that allow them to climb and move nimbly between the branches.

Diet: The diet of flying squirrels consists mainly of nuts, seeds, fruits, shoots, and occasionally insects. Like other squirrels, they also have a habit of storing food for consumption in times of scarcity.

Reproduction and Parenting: The breeding season usually occurs in the spring and summer. Females give birth to litters of two to five young after a gestation period of about 40 days. The young are born blind and helpless, and are cared for by the mother in the nest.

Care in Captivity: Flying squirrels are not common companion animals and may not adapt well to captivity. They are wild creatures with specific needs, including an arboreal environment and an extensive space to move around. Also, in many places, keeping flying squirrels as pets can be regulated or illegal.

Trivia:

• Flying squirrels are able to plan surprising distances, using their patagio to move between trees.
• Their long, hairy tail acts like a rudder during flight, allowing them to have greater control in the air.

Colors and Variations: The coat color of southern flying squirrels varies, but is generally a mixture of gray and brown tones. Your lower body tends to be lighter than your upper.

In short, the southern flying squirrel is a fascinating species with unique gliding abilities. Its role in forest ecosystems and adaptive behaviors make it an important part of wildlife in North America. As wild animals, they must be observed and respected in their natural habitat.